How is the Perianal abscess created?

A perianal abscess is a pus-filled cavity located near the anus, either at the opening of the anal canal or the rectum, which is the last part of the large intestine. It can be caused by a blockage of the anal glands, which are located inside the anus.

According to the cryptoglandular theory, abscesses often develop due to an inflammation in the intestinal crypts. This may be associated with enlarged papillomas in the anal canal, warts in the dentate line, a weakened body, etc.

Initially there is a diffuse inflammation, characterized by swelling and redness, which does not yet have the texture of an abscess. Then the infectious microorganisms pass into the anal glands, creating limited areas of pus in the anal and rectal region.

The cryptoglandular theory and the creation of the abscess within the anal glands seem to be the most likely. Under what conditions do microorganisms reach the glands and multiply to develop an abscess? We believe that the basic condition is a reduced defensive function of the body. It seems that microbes often pass through the gut’s defense barrier, but few microbes grow and form an abscess. This happens when the defense mechanisms are inadequate and cannot neutralize them.

Diseases that affect the defense system, taking immunosuppressive drugs, excessive fatigue, highly stressful situations, etc, can cause the formation of anal abscesses. However, in general, abscesses can neither be predicted nor prevented. We can reduce the chances of their formation by improving our physical and mental health.